Challenges to be encounter when procuring ICT faciities
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Being an information manager, what would you consider to be possible challenges that may hinder you from procuring ICT facilities and what are possible solutions to the challenges?
As a future administrator of information and educator, the challenges that could hinder me are associated with acquiring ICTs are enormous and require careful consideration. I must take into account the installation of infrastructure, which may include the overall cost. Then there is skills development, which includes training or capacity building for qualified ICT personnel. This can be helpful in guiding the selection of useful software and other appropriate hardware. It will also be necessary to understand the laws and principles governing ICTs and assess their accessibility. Not forgetting institutional development and a coordination team, and finally, an evaluation of the ICTs for the benefit of users, their performance, and their impact. If these steps are done, then nothing will hinder the process for ICT facilities.
I think one of the most challenging aspects when procuring ICT equipment can be 1. lack of clear requirement - This occurs when there is a failure to translate business needs into specific which can lead to procuring equipment which doesn't support user needs or government goals. 2. Low Fund - this enumerates not only inefficient funds to purchase this equipment or subscribe to one, but also involves inefficient funds to support the smooth operation of this equipment, as well as to run updates when needed. 3. Rapid technological change - This means the equipment purchased today may become outdated fast, as new updates are available with much power and capabilities which leaving us with systems or equipment which are obsolete technology. 4. Resistance to Change - End-users and staff may resist adopting new systems due to fear of complexity, lack of proper training, or a preference for old, familiar tools. 5. Lack of expertise for procurement - staff involved in the procurement process may lack better ICT capability and fail to order the best product due to their level of understanding and current ICT complexity. 6. Poor Vendor Management - The contract is only the beginning. Challenges arise from a lack of effective monitoring of vendor performance, missed service level agreements, and poor support after the purchase. SOLUTION TO THIS CHALLENGE 1. Strategic planning - we shouldn't buy the cheapest things, but we should buy things which are really required and can meet user satisfaction and support organisational goals. 2. Smart spending - we shouldn't use all the money at once, we should save some for further updates or renewal of the licence when required. 3. Collaboration with other experts - we should create a team with different experts, especially on ICT and procurement, as well as lawyers, to provide their professional insight and support during this process. 4. Usability training - there should be training and ongoing advancement skills among staff and other community members in practice to advance their skills as ICT infrastructures advance
1. Financial challenges: ICT facilities needed for the library will involve hardware, software and telecommunication devices. This involves computer, printer, scanners, library management systems like koha, internet bandwidth, internet equipment etc. The price of these facilities on the market vary from one manufacture to another based on quality and durability so they are very expensive.
Libraries need to have a sufficient budget to procure current and durable facilities. This will involve requesting for government support or writing a financial support proposal to donors.
2. Lack of ICT personnel: Many libraries lack IT specialist personnel who will act as an advisor and on the procurement of ICT facilities including systems. As a result, there is a delay in the process and even when the facilities acquired we still depend on ICT personnel from other office to install and operate and provide ongoing support.
Libraries needs to have system or ICT manager of their own who will stand as a controller of ICT equipment and activities in the library. These personnel will also involve in suggesting the best and current ICT facilities for the library and interpret the specification to the librarian for those who doesn’t understand.
3. Vendor reliability: the ability of the vendor to deliver what you ordered on time and in the quality, you want is still a challenge. Authenticity of some vendors is a problem as they do not deliver ICT equipment on time and sometimes what is delivered once it rises a challenge you will lack a cooperation. Example, when you procure RFIDs system for your library you need both manufacturer and vendor support from installation to usage and maintenance. It happens they might not show cooperation when challenges arise.
To address the challenge libraries needs to have a strong procurement team that will involve librarian, IT and lawyers in the process of selecting and approval of a vendor. Only reputable vendor will be given a tender to supply the ICT facilities for the library and once challenge arouse the lawyer will be there to ensure the organization rights are protected.
The possible challenges that I may face as an information manager include the following: 1. User needs and insights and their diversity. First, it is difficult to reach all users and get their insights at once. Also their needs are too diverse to come up with one acceptable decision.
2. Technological changes. In today's world, there is fast evolution of technologies. The tools and equipment are further advanced, making them harder to integrate with the old ones. Predicting the sustainability of the available technology is very tricky.
3. Budget allocation. Alongside the evolution of technologies, the new and better ICT tools and equipment demand too much money to purchase. The operation of those devices demands skilled staff who will train the operational staff in fulfilling their duties. Some technologies require outsourcing that increase the costs
4. Legal issues and policies. This happens when aligning procurement of ICT facilities with national and international laws. Some procurement of good ICT facilities may be prohibited due to legal restrictions. The experts from restricted countries to install the ICT environment largely depends on the international laws adherence.
5. Staff resistance. Due to cyber attacks faced by the advancement of science and technology, many people especially staff feared the use of newly introduced ICT equipment. There is a tendency of resisting its usage.
The possible solutions to resolve these challenges could be the following: 1. User awareness program before procuring ICT facilities. It is very important to consider user engagement, but also to work for their feedbacks.
2. Procuring technological tools and equipment that allow scalability and interoperability for future use. There is a need to procure more durable, high-quality tools even though their price is high
3. Prioritizing of technology as an important successful instrument in the organization. This goes hand in hand with increasing the budget allocation in ICT. This will increase the efficiency in tasks accompishment. Also budget for training the staff inside and outside the organization.
4. Adherence of both international and national laws in procurement. The use of legal experts before procuring ICT tools. This will reduce the risks of spending the fund in procuring prohibited products, hence reduce the loss to the organization. Also it is important in strengthening the organization and prevent confiscation
5. Staff involvement as they are the users of the ICT tools. It is of great important to tell staff and introduce them what to come, and allow them to participate in the process. It motivates them as their doubts can be clearly solved.
The possible challenges as information manager faced when procuring ICT facilities are as follow 1.The resistance of adoption new technologies We are living in a world that is rapidly changing in terms of science and technology so others tend to find it so hard or difficult to adopt the new technology because everynow and then there are new developments as we speak ICT one of the largest sectors that receives updates,modifications, transformations so this pose as a barrier to adopt for some people or companies on the procuring of ICT facilities.
2.Poor budgeting As an information manager/proffessional poor budgeting also is a barrier to procure the ICT facilities beacause these facilities are not cheap they are well designed and durable so even the price is higher we need enough budget to purchase these facilities. 3.Issufficient of infrastructures. Inorder to procure the ICT facilities there must be well developed and maintained infrastructure to support the equipments that will be brought to be used without these infrastructure it will act as a barrier on the establishment and use of these facilities.For example of this infrastructures proper wiring, stable internet connection, reliable electricity,rooms or space for these Facilities to be stored. 4.Lack of enough procuring skills As information manager the role of procurement lie’s within the procurement officers so sometimes we need this combination in order to make proper channel of buying genuine ICT facilities. The solution to overcome this challenges. 1.Collaboration of experts For example the information manager needs to collaborate with the procurement officers or vendors and other ICTs personnel inorder for them to work together and come up with valid and genuine products.
2.Provision of Current Awareness Services. Through the provision of current awareness’s services to the customers/ users will help you as information manager to physically engage with the end users explaining to them the available services, the current technological change, how to adopt it and its implications and importance this will solve the problem of resistance of change. 3.Allocations of enough budget. As information manager before the procuring of ICT facilities there must be a well prepared budget that will support you in the whole process of purchasing, as we all know budget is all wht matters when it comes to purchasing.
The following are the challenges encountered and solutions adopted in procuring ICT facilities in libraries and information institutions,
1. High Cost and Budget Constraints ICT equipment, hardware, software licenses, maintenance and infrastructure can be expensive, and limited budgets may restrict quality or quantity.
Solutions Seek government grants, donor funding, and international aid (e.g., UNESCO, NGOs), implement phased procurement, prioritizing essential ICT tools first as well as adopt open-source software (e.g., Koha, DSpace) to reduce licensing costs.
2. Rapid Technological Changes Technology evolves quickly, making purchased equipment obsolete within a short time.
Solutions Procure scalable and upgradeable systems, use cloud-based services to reduce dependency on physical infrastructure and develop a technology replacement and upgrade policy.
3. Lack of Skilled ICT Personnel Inadequate technical skills to manage ICT systems.
Solutions Provide continuous training and capacity building for library staff and collaborate with ICT departments, universities, or IT firms for technical support as well as hire ICT specialists and encourage ICT literacy programs for librarians.
4. Vendor Reliability Issues Unreliable vendors, poor after-sales support.as well as some suppliers may deliver substandard, counterfeit, or incompatible products.
Solutions: Conduct thorough vendor evaluation before procurement, include service-level agreements (SLAs) in contracts, prioritize vendors offering training, warranty, and maintenance support and maintain a vendor performance review system.
5. Infrastructure Limitations Poor power supply, limited internet connectivity, or inadequate space can hinder effective use.
Solutions Invest in alternative power sources (solar panels, UPS, generators), partner with internet service providers (ISPs) for subsidized connectivity, upgrade network infrastructure gradually (LAN, Wi-Fi) and design flexible ICT spaces within libraries.
6. Policy and Planning Gaps Lack of clear ICT policies and strategic direction is a challenge encounter information institution
Solutions Develop a comprehensive ICT policy and strategic plan. Also align ICT procurement with library goals and user needs, regularly review and update policies as well as establish an ICT committee within the library.
Challenges include. 1. Inadequate Funding: Budgetary allocations for ICT programs are insufficient, making it difficult for administrators to procure necessary equipment like computers and related infrastructure. 2. High Cost of ICT Facilities: The exorbitant prices of ICT tools (e.g., computers, projectors, and software) make them unaffordable, imported goods are particularly expensive. 3. Poor Policy Implementation: Ineffective execution of institutional ICT policies and regulations results in inconsistent support for procurement. 4. Inadequate ICT Infrastructural Facilities Overall: The general scarcity of existing facilities creates a cycle where procurement is hampered by the absence of supportive infrastructure (example, no standby generators for power supply), leading to underutilization even if items are acquired. The suggested solution includes 1. Allocation of enough budget 2. Commitment to the policy and regulations and should be revised to meet the current needs 3. Prepare a conducive infrastructure and facilities, i.e. power supply, expert
Key challenges hindering organizations and libraries from procuring and implementing ICT facilities include the following, 1. Monetary Controls Insufficient and often falling budgets are a main barrier, preventing the acquisition of necessary hardware, software, licenses, and the continuing costs of maintenance and upgrades. 2. Inadequate Infrastructure Many institutions lack fundamental infrastructure such as reliable power supplies, sufficient space for equipment, robust network connectivity, and high-speed internet access. 3. Shortage of Technical Expertise and Skills There is often a lack of qualified technical staff for support and maintenance, as well as a shortage of necessary ICT competencies among existing library and organizational staff. 4. Lack of Training Insufficient professional development and training programs for both staff and users hinder effective adoption and utilization of new technologies. 5. Obsolete or Absent Policies The absence of systematic and updated ICT policies and strategic plans can block the effective planning and provision of ICT services and facilities. 6. Fast of Technological Change The continuous growth of technology makes it difficult and expensive for organizations to keep up with the latest developments and maintain relevant, innovative services. IIn addition and Compatibility Issues Challenges arise when trying to mix new ICT systems with existing, often outdated, change systems. 7. Data Security and Privacy Concerns: Control sensitive user data requires robust security measures and compliance with complex data protection and privacy regulations, which can be challenging to implement. Possible Solutions 1. Isolated Adequate Funding: • Governments should increase their budget allocation to public libraries and educational institutions for ICT infrastructure and ongoing support. • Organizations can explore cost-effective solutions like open educational resources (OER) and data-driven acquisition strategies to ensure optimal resource allocation. 2. Invest in Infrastructure: • Prioritize the development of robust network infrastructure, reliable power sources, and modern library buildings with adequate space for ICT facilities. • Explore partnerships with private sector ICT providers (e.g., AfriHUB, Zinox) to equip institutions with necessary facilities. 3. Enhance Training and Expertise: • Provide continuous and ongoing professional development and training programs for staff to build the necessary ICT skills and competencies. • Revise LIS (Library and Information Science) curricula to incorporate new technical skills required for the digital era. 4. Develop Clear Policies: • Formulate and implement clear, comprehensive, and updated ICT policies and strategic plans that address the integration and management of technology. 5. Adopt Active Procurement: • Utilize more active and flexible public procurement frameworks that involve stakeholders early in the process and allow for iterative development and adjustment to new technologies. 6. Foster Collaboration: • Encourage collaboration and resource-sharing models among libraries and institutions to share costs and access to a wider range of resources and expertise
As a future administrator of information and educator, the challenges that could hinder me are associated with acquiring ICTs are enormous and require careful consideration. I must take into account the installation of infrastructure, which may include the overall cost. Then there is skills development, which includes training or capacity building for qualified ICT personnel. This can be helpful in guiding the selection of useful software and other appropriate hardware. It will also be necessary to understand the laws and principles governing ICTs and assess their accessibility. Not forgetting institutional development and a coordination team, and finally, an evaluation of the ICTs for the benefit of users, their performance, and their impact. If these steps are done, then nothing will hinder the process for ICT facilities.
ReplyDeleteI guess you also have suggestions here?!?
DeleteI think one of the most challenging aspects when procuring ICT equipment can be
ReplyDelete1. lack of clear requirement - This occurs when there is a failure to translate business needs into specific which can lead to procuring equipment which doesn't support user needs or government goals.
2. Low Fund - this enumerates not only inefficient funds to purchase this equipment or subscribe to one, but also involves inefficient funds to support the smooth operation of this equipment, as well as to run updates when needed.
3. Rapid technological change - This means the equipment purchased today may become outdated fast, as new updates are available with much power and capabilities which leaving us with systems or equipment which are obsolete technology.
4. Resistance to Change - End-users and staff may resist adopting new systems due to fear of complexity, lack of proper training, or a preference for old, familiar tools.
5. Lack of expertise for procurement - staff involved in the procurement process may lack better ICT capability and fail to order the best product due to their level of understanding and current ICT complexity.
6. Poor Vendor Management - The contract is only the beginning. Challenges arise from a lack of effective monitoring of vendor performance, missed service level agreements, and poor support after the purchase.
SOLUTION TO THIS CHALLENGE
1. Strategic planning - we shouldn't buy the cheapest things, but we should buy things which are really required and can meet user satisfaction and support organisational goals.
2. Smart spending - we shouldn't use all the money at once, we should save some for further updates or renewal of the licence when required.
3. Collaboration with other experts - we should create a team with different experts, especially on ICT and procurement, as well as lawyers, to provide their professional insight and support during this process.
4. Usability training - there should be training and ongoing advancement skills among staff and other community members in practice to advance their skills as ICT infrastructures advance
Being proactive could also be one of the solutions, I think
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete1. Financial challenges: ICT facilities needed for the library will involve hardware, software and telecommunication devices. This involves computer, printer, scanners, library management systems like koha, internet bandwidth, internet equipment etc. The price of these facilities on the market vary from one manufacture to another based on quality and durability so they are very expensive.
DeleteLibraries need to have a sufficient budget to procure current and durable facilities. This will involve requesting for government support or writing a financial support proposal to donors.
2. Lack of ICT personnel: Many libraries lack IT specialist personnel who will act as an advisor and on the procurement of ICT facilities including systems. As a result, there is a delay in the process and even when the facilities acquired we still depend on ICT personnel from other office to install and operate and provide ongoing support.
Libraries needs to have system or ICT manager of their own who will stand as a controller of ICT equipment and activities in the library. These personnel will also involve in suggesting the best and current ICT facilities for the library and interpret the specification to the librarian for those who doesn’t understand.
3. Vendor reliability: the ability of the vendor to deliver what you ordered on time and in the quality, you want is still a challenge. Authenticity of some vendors is a problem as they do not deliver ICT equipment on time and sometimes what is delivered once it rises a challenge you will lack a cooperation. Example, when you procure RFIDs system for your library you need both manufacturer and vendor support from installation to usage and maintenance. It happens they might not show cooperation when challenges arise.
To address the challenge libraries needs to have a strong procurement team that will involve librarian, IT and lawyers in the process of selecting and approval of a vendor. Only reputable vendor will be given a tender to supply the ICT facilities for the library and once challenge arouse the lawyer will be there to ensure the organization rights are protected.
The possible challenges that I may face as an information manager include the following:
ReplyDelete1. User needs and insights and their diversity. First, it is difficult to reach all users and get their insights at once. Also their needs are too diverse to come up with one acceptable decision.
2. Technological changes. In today's world, there is fast evolution of technologies. The tools and equipment are further advanced, making them harder to integrate with the old ones. Predicting the sustainability of the available technology is very tricky.
3. Budget allocation. Alongside the evolution of technologies, the new and better ICT tools and equipment demand too much money to purchase. The operation of those devices demands skilled staff who will train the operational staff in fulfilling their duties. Some technologies require outsourcing that increase the costs
4. Legal issues and policies. This happens when aligning procurement of ICT facilities with national and international laws. Some procurement of good ICT facilities may be prohibited due to legal restrictions. The experts from restricted countries to install the ICT environment largely depends on the international laws adherence.
5. Staff resistance. Due to cyber attacks faced by the advancement of science and technology, many people especially staff feared the use of newly introduced ICT equipment. There is a tendency of resisting its usage.
The possible solutions to resolve these challenges could be the following:
1. User awareness program before procuring ICT facilities. It is very important to consider user engagement, but also to work for their feedbacks.
2. Procuring technological tools and equipment that allow scalability and interoperability for future use. There is a need to procure more durable, high-quality tools even though their price is high
3. Prioritizing of technology as an important successful instrument in the organization. This goes hand in hand with increasing the budget allocation in ICT. This will increase the efficiency in tasks accompishment. Also budget for training the staff inside and outside the organization.
4. Adherence of both international and national laws in procurement. The use of legal experts before procuring ICT tools. This will reduce the risks of spending the fund in procuring prohibited products, hence reduce the loss to the organization. Also it is important in strengthening the organization and prevent confiscation
5. Staff involvement as they are the users of the ICT tools. It is of great important to tell staff and introduce them what to come, and allow them to participate in the process. It motivates them as their doubts can be clearly solved.
The possible challenges as information manager faced when procuring ICT facilities are as follow
Delete1.The resistance of adoption new technologies
We are living in a world that is rapidly changing in terms of science and technology so others tend to find it so hard or difficult to adopt the new technology because everynow and then there are new developments as we speak ICT one of the largest sectors that receives updates,modifications, transformations so this pose as a barrier to adopt for some people or companies on the procuring of ICT facilities.
2.Poor budgeting
As an information manager/proffessional poor budgeting also is a barrier to procure the ICT facilities beacause these facilities are not cheap they are well designed and durable so even the price is higher we need enough budget to purchase these facilities.
3.Issufficient of infrastructures.
Inorder to procure the ICT facilities there must be well developed and maintained infrastructure to support the equipments that will be brought to be used without these infrastructure it will act as a barrier on the establishment and use of these facilities.For example of this infrastructures proper wiring, stable internet connection, reliable electricity,rooms or space for these Facilities to be stored.
4.Lack of enough procuring skills
As information manager the role of procurement lie’s within the procurement officers so sometimes we need this combination in order to make proper channel of buying genuine ICT facilities.
The solution to overcome this challenges.
1.Collaboration of experts
For example the information manager needs to collaborate with the procurement officers or vendors and other ICTs personnel inorder for them to work together and come up with valid and genuine products.
2.Provision of Current Awareness Services.
Through the provision of current awareness’s services to the customers/ users will help you as information manager to physically engage with the end users explaining to them the available services, the current technological change, how to adopt it and its implications and importance this will solve the problem of resistance of change.
3.Allocations of enough budget.
As information manager before the procuring of ICT facilities there must be a well prepared budget that will support you in the whole process of purchasing, as we all know budget is all wht matters when it comes to purchasing.
The following are the challenges encountered and solutions adopted in procuring ICT facilities in libraries and information institutions,
ReplyDelete1. High Cost and Budget Constraints
ICT equipment, hardware, software licenses, maintenance and infrastructure can be expensive, and limited budgets may restrict quality or quantity.
Solutions
Seek government grants, donor funding, and international aid (e.g., UNESCO, NGOs), implement phased procurement, prioritizing essential ICT tools first as well as adopt open-source software (e.g., Koha, DSpace) to reduce licensing costs.
2. Rapid Technological Changes
Technology evolves quickly, making purchased equipment obsolete within a short time.
Solutions
Procure scalable and upgradeable systems, use cloud-based services to reduce dependency on physical infrastructure and develop a technology replacement and upgrade policy.
3. Lack of Skilled ICT Personnel
Inadequate technical skills to manage ICT systems.
Solutions
Provide continuous training and capacity building for library staff and collaborate with ICT departments, universities, or IT firms for technical support as well as hire ICT specialists and encourage ICT literacy programs for librarians.
4. Vendor Reliability Issues
Unreliable vendors, poor after-sales support.as well as some suppliers may deliver substandard, counterfeit, or incompatible products.
Solutions:
Conduct thorough vendor evaluation before procurement, include service-level agreements (SLAs) in contracts, prioritize vendors offering training, warranty, and maintenance support and maintain a vendor performance review system.
5. Infrastructure Limitations
Poor power supply, limited internet connectivity, or inadequate space can hinder effective use.
Solutions
Invest in alternative power sources (solar panels, UPS, generators), partner with internet service providers (ISPs) for subsidized connectivity, upgrade network infrastructure gradually (LAN, Wi-Fi) and design flexible ICT spaces within libraries.
6. Policy and Planning Gaps
Lack of clear ICT policies and strategic direction is a challenge encounter information institution
Solutions
Develop a comprehensive ICT policy and strategic plan. Also align ICT procurement with library goals and user needs, regularly review and update policies as well as establish an ICT committee within the library.
Challenges include.
ReplyDelete1. Inadequate Funding: Budgetary allocations for ICT programs are insufficient, making it difficult for administrators to procure necessary equipment like computers and related infrastructure.
2. High Cost of ICT Facilities: The exorbitant prices of ICT tools (e.g., computers, projectors, and software) make them unaffordable, imported goods are particularly expensive.
3. Poor Policy Implementation: Ineffective execution of institutional ICT policies and regulations results in inconsistent support for procurement.
4. Inadequate ICT Infrastructural Facilities Overall: The general scarcity of existing facilities creates a cycle where procurement is hampered by the absence of supportive infrastructure (example, no standby generators for power supply), leading to underutilization even if items are acquired.
The suggested solution includes
1. Allocation of enough budget
2. Commitment to the policy and regulations and should be revised to meet the current needs
3. Prepare a conducive infrastructure and facilities, i.e. power supply, expert
Key challenges hindering organizations and libraries from procuring and implementing ICT facilities include the following,
ReplyDelete1. Monetary Controls Insufficient and often falling budgets are a main barrier, preventing the acquisition of necessary hardware, software, licenses, and the continuing costs of maintenance and upgrades.
2. Inadequate Infrastructure Many institutions lack fundamental infrastructure such as reliable power supplies, sufficient space for equipment, robust network connectivity, and high-speed internet access.
3. Shortage of Technical Expertise and Skills There is often a lack of qualified technical staff for support and maintenance, as well as a shortage of necessary ICT competencies among existing library and organizational staff.
4. Lack of Training Insufficient professional development and training programs for both staff and users hinder effective adoption and utilization of new technologies.
5. Obsolete or Absent Policies The absence of systematic and updated ICT policies and strategic plans can block the effective planning and provision of ICT services and facilities.
6. Fast of Technological Change The continuous growth of technology makes it difficult and expensive for organizations to keep up with the latest developments and maintain relevant, innovative services.
IIn addition and Compatibility Issues Challenges arise when trying to mix new ICT systems with existing, often outdated, change systems.
7. Data Security and Privacy Concerns: Control sensitive user data requires robust security measures and compliance with complex data protection and privacy regulations, which can be challenging to implement.
Possible Solutions
1. Isolated Adequate Funding:
• Governments should increase their budget allocation to public libraries and educational institutions for ICT infrastructure and ongoing support.
• Organizations can explore cost-effective solutions like open educational resources (OER) and data-driven acquisition strategies to ensure optimal resource allocation.
2. Invest in Infrastructure:
• Prioritize the development of robust network infrastructure, reliable power sources, and modern library buildings with adequate space for ICT facilities.
• Explore partnerships with private sector ICT providers (e.g., AfriHUB, Zinox) to equip institutions with necessary facilities.
3. Enhance Training and Expertise:
• Provide continuous and ongoing professional development and training programs for staff to build the necessary ICT skills and competencies.
• Revise LIS (Library and Information Science) curricula to incorporate new technical skills required for the digital era.
4. Develop Clear Policies:
• Formulate and implement clear, comprehensive, and updated ICT policies and strategic plans that address the integration and management of technology.
5. Adopt Active Procurement:
• Utilize more active and flexible public procurement frameworks that involve stakeholders early in the process and allow for iterative development and adjustment to new technologies.
6. Foster Collaboration:
• Encourage collaboration and resource-sharing models among libraries and institutions to share costs and access to a wider range of resources and expertise